Psychotransformers

                    

1- Composition:

An iron core is made of silicon steel chips that are isolated from each other and are often of the inner core type.

Primary file and secondary file: This converter uses only one file for the primary file and a third party is extracted from it between the windings of the primary file, where it is used with one of the two parties as the two ends of the secondary file as in Figure (1-A), so a part of the primary file works jointly between the high voltage (primary) and low voltage (secondary) file, and it is noted that both the primary and secondary current are opposite in their common part, as in Figure (1-A).) which results in a decrease in the cross-section area of the common part, which helps to save copper and reduce the weight of the transformer.

Figure (1)

Conversion Rate:

        E1/ E2 = I2/I1 = N1/N2

The dimensions of the normal transformer depend on the apparent power  withdrawn (S),  where:

        S = V1 I1 = V2 I2

It is equal to the power on which the transformer is designed. The power in the self-transformer consists of   :

1- The ability in the common part of the file ( P ₂) and we get it from the relationship:

P2 = (E1 – E2) (I2- I1)

2-  The ability in the rest of the file ( P1) where:

P1 = (E1 – E2) I1

 

Since we consider the power in the secondary file to be approximately equal to the power in the primary file, the smaller the conversion rate, the higher the quality of the converter, and this feature decreases with the increase in the conversion rate, so these converters are used in cases that need a slight change in the conversion rate, which should not exceed 1.5 to 3 times.

Figure (1-b) shows the vector diagram of the voltages and currents of the authorizer, while Figure (1-c) shows the equivalent circuit of the transformer attributed to the primary file. 

 

2- Use of psychotropic converters:

Here are  some typical uses of psychotropic converters:

1.                  Laboratories for Variable Efforts

2.                  In the Beginning of the Deductive Engines

3.                  Inferential Motor Speed Control Squirrel Cage

4.                  In Power Factor Improvement Circuits

5.                  In power transmission networks for switching between the main and subnet.

The psychological transformer used in laboratory experiments  is equipped to give a voltage ranging from zero to 120% higher than the primary coil, and in it the coils are damaged on a circular iron core and the voltage is changed by a special hand, and this transformer is characterized by the possibility of reducing its voltage to zero, which enables experiments to be conducted under low voltages.

 

3- Advantages of Psychological Transformers (Subjective)

1.                  Its quality is high within the limits of permitted operation

2.                  Savings in the size of the adapter and the size of the copper used

3.                  It has very few copper sockets when compared to other transformers

 

4- Defects of psychological (subjective) transformers

1.                  Danger in case of using high voltage circuits because the circuit of the secondary coil is part of the primary coil with high voltage.

2.                  In case it is used with a high conversion rate, its quality is very low and it is not economical to operate.

 

5- The amount of savings in the copper of the self-transformer (Auto transformer):

Since the weight and size of copper is proportional to the length and area of the conductor section (adapter rolls), and just as the length is proportional to the number of turns of the adapter N and  the cross-section area depends on the current intensity, in a self-transformer,  the weight of copper is:

The weight of copper in the fraction of the primary coil  is proportional to (N1 - N2 x I1) (where N1 is the  number of rolls of the primary coil, N2 is the  number of rolls of the secondary, I1 is  the stream of the primary stream).

The weight of the copper in the common part  is proportional to (I2 – I1) x N2 where I2 is  the secondary coil current.

The total weight of the WA self-transducer copper is  proportional to:

(N1 – N2) I1 + N2 (I2 – I1) = N1 I1 + N2 I2 – 2I1 N2

 

Compared to a regular transformer that is similar in power, current intensity and number of windings, it is:

The weight of copper in the primary coil is proportional to N1 I1

Weight of copper in secondary coil  proportional to N2 I2

The total weight of copper in the ordinary converter Wo is  proportional to N1 I1+N2 I2

Thus, the ratio between the copper weight of the self-transformer to the copper weight of the ordinary transformer is:

King / wo = (N1 I1 + N2 I2 – 2I1 N2) / (N1 I1+N2 I2) = 1- 2 I1 N2/ (N1 I1+N2 I2)

But the K conversion ratio  is equal to:

K = N2 / N1 = I1 /I2

Wa/Wo = 1- K

Wa = Wo (1-K)

                       

where Wo is the weight of copper  in the ordinary transformer, Wa is the  weight of copper in  the self-transformer and  the percentage of copper savings in the auto transformer (self) percent = Wo/Wa x K x 100