Short Codes

 In electrical engineering, various short codes or abbreviations are used to represent different components, systems, and standards. Here is a list of commonly used electrical short codes:

1. General Electrical Abbreviations:

  • AC – Alternating Current
  • DC – Direct Current
  • V – Voltage
  • A – Ampere
  • W – Watt
  • Ω – Ohm (resistance)
  • Hz – Hertz (frequency)
  • kV – Kilovolt (1,000 volts)
  • kA – Kiloampere (1,000 amperes)
  • mA – Milliampere (1/1000 ampere)
  • mV – Millivolt (1/1000 volt)
  • kWh – Kilowatt-Hour
  • VA – Volt-Ampere
  • kVA – Kilovolt-Ampere
  • pF – Picofarad (10^-12 Farad)
  • µF – Microfarad (10^-6 Farad)
  • nF – Nanofarad (10^-9 Farad)
  • mH – MilliHenry (10^-3 Henry)
  • µH – Microhenry (10^-6 Henry)
  • kW – Kilowatt (1,000 watts)
  • VDC – Volts Direct Current
  • VAC – Volts Alternating Current

2. Component Abbreviations:

  • R – Resistor
  • L – Inductor
  • C – Capacitor
  • D – Diode
  • LED – Light Emitting Diode
  • FET – Field Effect Transistor
  • BJT – Bipolar Junction Transistor
  • SCR – Silicon Controlled Rectifier
  • GDT – Gas Discharge Tube
  • MOSFET – Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • TLP – Transistor Logic Protocol
  • MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • CT – Current Transformer
  • PT – Potential Transformer

3. Electrical Systems/Installation Codes:

  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • ATS – Automatic Transfer Switch
  • GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
  • RCB – Residual Current Breaker
  • HRC – High Rupturing Capacity
  • RMS – Root Mean Square
  • PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
  • LV – Low Voltage
  • MV – Medium Voltage
  • HV – High Voltage
  • CCTV – Closed-Circuit Television
  • CAT5 – Category 5 Cable
  • CAT6 – Category 6 Cable

4. Safety and Standards:

  • IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
  • NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association
  • UL – Underwriters Laboratories
  • NEC – National Electrical Code
  • ANSI – American National Standards Institute
  • OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  • EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
  • RFI – Radio Frequency Interference

5. Miscellaneous Abbreviations:

  • SWG – Standard Wire Gauge
  • ROM – Read-Only Memory
  • PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
  • PCB – Printed Circuit Board
  • SMPS – Switched-Mode Power Supply
  • GND – Ground
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • HMI – Human-Machine Interface
  • BOM – Bill of Materials

6. Wiring and Circuit Abbreviations:

  • SPST – Single Pole Single Throw (switch)
  • SPDT – Single Pole Double Throw (switch)
  • DPST – Double Pole Single Throw (switch)
  • DPDT – Double Pole Double Throw (switch)
  • N/C – Normally Closed (contacts)
  • N/O – Normally Open (contacts)
  • MOC – Motor Operated Control
  • S/C – Short Circuit
  • O/C – Overcurrent
  • F/P – Fault Protection
  • B/L – Busbar or Line
  • P/E – Protective Earth
  • T/L – Terminal Block
  • V/I – Voltage/Current
  • I/R – Insulation Resistance
  • L1, L2, L3 – Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3 (for three-phase systems)
  • N – Neutral
  • E – Earth or Ground

7. Control and Protection Devices:

  • MCC – Motor Control Center
  • FDR – Feeder
  • OLR – Overload Relay
  • PTO – Power Take-Off
  • LVD – Low Voltage Device
  • SVC – Static Var Compensator
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • OCPD – Overcurrent Protection Device
  • RTP – Remote Terminal Panel
  • SCR – Silicon Controlled Rectifier
  • PSU – Power Supply Unit
  • SPD – Surge Protection Device
  • ABB – Air Break Switch
  • NDR – Neutral Disconnecting Relay

8. Energy and Power-Related Abbreviations:

  • PF – Power Factor
  • PFC – Power Factor Correction
  • TE – Total Energy
  • BESS – Battery Energy Storage System
  • EMS – Energy Management System
  • CT – Current Transformer
  • PT – Potential Transformer
  • WPT – Wireless Power Transfer
  • ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
  • CSP – Concentrated Solar Power
  • PV – Photovoltaic (solar panel)
  • LCOE – Levelized Cost of Energy
  • DOE – Department of Energy

9. Lighting and Illumination:

  • LUX – Lumens per square meter (illumination)
  • LED – Light Emitting Diode
  • CFL – Compact Fluorescent Lamp
  • HID – High-Intensity Discharge Lamp
  • T8/T5 – Types of fluorescent lamps (T8 is 1-inch diameter, T5 is 5/8-inch)
  • WATT – The unit of electrical power
  • CRI – Color Rendering Index
  • KVA – Kilovolt-Ampere (applies to lighting systems, too)
  • TLCI – Television Lighting Consistency Index

10. Thermal and Environmental Abbreviations:

  • NTC – Negative Temperature Coefficient (resistor)
  • PTC – Positive Temperature Coefficient (resistor)
  • BMS – Building Management System
  • HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
  • IP – Ingress Protection (IP ratings for dust/water resistance)
  • IR – Infrared
  • EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • CFC – Chlorofluorocarbon (often used in refrigeration and air conditioning)

11. Miscellaneous Codes in Electrical Engineering:

  • FMEA – Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
  • FEM – Finite Element Method
  • IET – Institute of Engineering and Technology
  • NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association
  • CISPR – International Special Committee on Radio Interference
  • GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
  • IRIG – Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (time code standard)
  • RF – Radio Frequency
  • GPS – Global Positioning System
  • IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

12. Power Transmission and Distribution:

  • HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current
  • ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
  • ABC – Aerial Bundled Cable
  • GIS – Gas Insulated Switchgear
  • PMU – Phasor Measurement Unit
  • T&D – Transmission and Distribution
  • FPT – Fault Passage Indicator
  • VVO – Volt/VAR Optimization
  • SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

13. Communication Systems:

  • OF – Optical Fiber
  • DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
  • SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
  • PDH – Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
  • GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
  • LTE – Long-Term Evolution (4G wireless)
  • VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol
  • SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • T1/T3 – Digital Transmission Links (T1: 1.544 Mbps, T3: 45 Mbps)
  • RS232 – Recommended Standard 232 (serial communication)

14. Power Generation and Renewable Energy:

  • PP – Power Plant
  • PV – Photovoltaic (solar power generation)
  • BESS – Battery Energy Storage System
  • CSP – Concentrated Solar Power
  • WEC – Wave Energy Converter
  • TDP – Thermal Design Power
  • RE – Renewable Energy
  • IEE – Indian Electrical Engineering
  • LCOE – Levelized Cost of Energy
  • FCR – Frequency Control Reserve
  • PPA – Power Purchase Agreement
  • FERC – Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
  • PEM – Proton Exchange Membrane (fuel cell)
  • VPP – Virtual Power Plant
  • GW – Gigawatt (1,000 megawatts)
  • MWh – Megawatt-Hour
  • MWe – Megawatt electrical (rated capacity)

15. Electrical Circuits and Devices:

  • SMD – Surface-Mount Device
  • RMS – Root Mean Square
  • VCO – Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
  • IC – Integrated Circuit
  • DIP – Dual In-line Package
  • PLL – Phase-Locked Loop
  • Zener – Zener Diode
  • SCR – Silicon-Controlled Rectifier
  • FET – Field Effect Transistor
  • NPN – Negative-Positive-Negative (type of BJT transistor)
  • PNP – Positive-Negative-Positive (type of BJT transistor)
  • ZIF – Zero Insertion Force (socket)
  • EMF – Electromotive Force

16. Electromagnetic Fields and Radio Frequency:

  • EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
  • RFI – Radio Frequency Interference
  • SWR – Standing Wave Ratio
  • GHz – Gigahertz (1 billion cycles per second)
  • MHz – Megahertz (1 million cycles per second)
  • dBm – Decibel-milliwatt (measurement of power)
  • dB – Decibel (logarithmic measurement of sound intensity or signal strength)
  • RFID – Radio Frequency Identification
  • ANT – Antenna
  • Antenna (Yagi) – Type of directional antenna
  • EMS – Electromagnetic Shielding
  • TDR – Time Domain Reflectometer
  • FDM – Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • TDM – Time Division Multiplexing

17. Testing and Measurement:

  • DMM – Digital Multimeter
  • VOM – Volt-Ohm Meter (analog multimeter)
  • IR – Insulation Resistance
  • LCR – Inductance (L), Capacitance (C), Resistance (R) Meter
  • ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance (measuring capacitors)
  • GPIB – General Purpose Interface Bus (communication standard for instruments)
  • RLC – Resistor, Inductor, Capacitor
  • SPICE – Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (simulation tool)
  • FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
  • SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • A/D – Analog to Digital Converter
  • D/A – Digital to Analog Converter
  • PRBS – Pseudorandom Binary Sequence

18. Environmental and Hazardous Electrical Terms:

  • IP – Ingress Protection (ratings for environmental protection, e.g., IP65 for dustproof and waterproof)
  • GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • EHS – Environmental Health and Safety
  • WEEE – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
  • RoHS – Restriction of Hazardous Substances
  • BPA – Bisphenol A (a chemical often found in plastics, with electrical applications)
  • IEC 61850 – Standard for Substation Automation Systems (communication protocols)
  • EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (European Union regulation)
  • VOC – Volatile Organic Compounds
  • PFC – Power Factor Correction

19. Power Quality and Regulation:

  • THD – Total Harmonic Distortion
  • PF – Power Factor
  • VAr – Volt-Ampere Reactive
  • KVA – Kilovolt-Ampere
  • SAG – Voltage Sag (a short-duration drop in voltage)
  • SWELL – Voltage Swell (a short-duration increase in voltage)
  • Flicker – Voltage fluctuations affecting lighting quality
  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • DTR – Distribution Transformer
  • NPS – Noise Power Spectral Density
  • RMS – Root Mean Square (used to describe voltage/current waveforms)
  • KVAR – Kilovolt-Ampere Reactive

20. Signal and Data Communication:

  • RS-232 – Recommended Standard 232 (serial communication)
  • RS-485 – Recommended Standard 485 (balanced transmission for serial communication)
  • CAN – Controller Area Network
  • USB – Universal Serial Bus
  • HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface
  • VGA – Video Graphics Array
  • I2C – Inter-Integrated Circuit (serial communication protocol)
  • SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
  • UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter
  • SDI – Serial Digital Interface
  • TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • HMI – Human-Machine Interface
  • JTAG – Joint Test Action Group (boundary scan testing)

21. Electrical Maintenance and Support:

  • CMMS – Computerized Maintenance Management System
  • PDM – Predictive Maintenance
  • PMI – Preventive Maintenance Inspection
  • MTTR – Mean Time to Repair
  • MTBF – Mean Time Between Failures
  • RMA – Return Merchandise Authorization (for faulty components)
  • MRO – Maintenance, Repair, and Operations
  • OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer
  • T&M – Time and Materials (used in contracts for services)
  • EOL – End of Life (components or equipment)

22. Industry Standards and Codes:

  • ISO – International Organization for Standardization
  • ANSI – American National Standards Institute
  • UL – Underwriters Laboratories
  • NEC – National Electrical Code
  • NFPA – National Fire Protection Association
  • IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
  • IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • CSA – Canadian Standards Association
  • IEC 60947 – Low-voltage switchgear and control gear standards
  • IEC 60364 – Electrical installations of buildings standards

23. Electrical Distribution and Transmission:

  • T&D – Transmission and Distribution
  • HV – High Voltage
  • MV – Medium Voltage
  • LV – Low Voltage
  • OT – Overhead Transmission
  • UBC – Underground Cable
  • FRT – Fault Recovery Time
  • DNO – Distribution Network Operator
  • EHV – Extra High Voltage
  • VSC – Voltage Source Converter (in HVDC systems)
  • HVA – High Voltage Alternating (electricity)
  • ZTS – Zero-Transmission System
  • DTR – Distribution Transformer

24. Energy Storage and Batteries:

  • BMS – Battery Management System
  • Li-ion – Lithium-Ion (battery type)
  • NiMH – Nickel-Metal Hydride (battery type)
  • SLA – Sealed Lead-Acid (battery type)
  • AHR – Ampere-Hour Rating (of a battery)
  • SOC – State of Charge (battery)
  • SOH – State of Health (battery)
  • DCB – Direct Current Battery
  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • EMS – Energy Management System
  • ESS – Energy Storage System
  • RTE – Round-Trip Efficiency (of battery storage)

25. Switchgear and Circuit Protection:

  • MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
  • MCCB – Molded Case Circuit Breaker
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • RCCB – Residual Current Circuit Breaker
  • OCPD – Overcurrent Protection Device
  • HVAC – High Voltage AC
  • VSD – Voltage-Sensitive Device
  • CB – Circuit Breaker
  • OLR – Overload Relay
  • LBS – Load Break Switch
  • SIS – Switchgear Interlocking System
  • DLO – Distribution Line Operator (overhead or underground)
  • RMS – Root Mean Square (used for measuring fault currents)

26. Power Systems and Analysis:

  • SCP – Short Circuit Protection
  • PCC – Point of Common Coupling
  • ESS – Electrical Substation
  • PQA – Power Quality Analysis
  • PST – Power System Transients
  • LVRT – Low Voltage Ride Through
  • HVRT – High Voltage Ride Through
  • PSS – Power System Stabilizer
  • WACS – Wide Area Control Systems
  • FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission Systems
  • SMES – Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
  • VSM – Virtual Synchronous Machine (in renewable integration)
  • OTF – On Time Fault (in power systems)

27. Communication and Data Systems:

  • PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
  • SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
  • RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
  • HMI – Human-Machine Interface
  • M2M – Machine to Machine (communication)
  • IoT – Internet of Things (applied to electrical systems)
  • FDT – Field Device Tool (protocol for devices in automation systems)
  • DCS – Distributed Control System
  • BMS – Building Management System
  • EMS – Energy Management System
  • CCS – Communication Control System
  • DCIM – Data Center Infrastructure Management
  • MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output (communication technology)

28. Automation and Control Systems:

  • PID – Proportional-Integral-Derivative (controller)
  • HMI – Human-Machine Interface
  • RTD – Resistance Temperature Detector
  • AI – Artificial Intelligence (for predictive maintenance, control)
  • BMS – Building Management System
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
  • PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
  • PMS – Power Management System
  • DDS – Data Distribution Service (for real-time systems)
  • CI – Continuous Integration (software control)
  • DCS – Distributed Control System

29. Transmission and Circuit Protection:

  • PT – Potential Transformer
  • CT – Current Transformer
  • GRD – Ground
  • PPT – Phase-to-Phase Transformer
  • LPS – Lightning Protection System
  • SPD – Surge Protection Device
  • FDR – Feeder (in power distribution)
  • SVC – Static VAR Compensator (for power factor correction)
  • TCC – Time-Current Characteristics (of protection devices)
  • ETT – Earth Termination Test
  • TRV – Transient Recovery Voltage
  • Xfmr – Transformer

30. HVAC & Electrical Building Systems:

  • HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
  • VAV – Variable Air Volume
  • CAV – Constant Air Volume
  • DPT – Differential Pressure Transducer
  • AHU – Air Handling Unit
  • VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow
  • RTU – Rooftop Unit
  • AC – Air Conditioning
  • FP – Fire Protection (systems related to electrical)
  • DCV – Demand Controlled Ventilation
  • IAQ – Indoor Air Quality
  • BMS – Building Management System
  • PTAC – Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
  • ERV – Energy Recovery Ventilator

31. Lighting and Illumination:

  • LED – Light Emitting Diode
  • CFL – Compact Fluorescent Lamp
  • HID – High Intensity Discharge Lamp
  • LUX – Illuminance unit (lumens per square meter)
  • CRI – Color Rendering Index
  • T5 – Type 5 (fluorescent light tube)
  • T8 – Type 8 (fluorescent light tube)
  • HPS – High Pressure Sodium (lamp)
  • MH – Metal Halide (lamp)
  • LVD – Low Voltage Device
  • LSD – Light Source Design
  • DALI – Digital Addressable Lighting Interface
  • BMS – Building Management System (lighting control)

32. Test Equipment and Measurement:

  • DMM – Digital Multimeter
  • VOM – Volt-Ohm Meter
  • SWR – Standing Wave Ratio (measurement for antenna systems)
  • LCR Meter – Measurement tool for Inductance (L), Capacitance (C), and Resistance (R)
  • FFT – Fast Fourier Transform (signal analysis)
  • VNA – Vector Network Analyzer
  • TDR – Time Domain Reflectometer
  • OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
  • PHM – Prognostics and Health Management (system diagnostics)
  • EMF – Electromagnetic Field
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive Testing

33. Renewable Energy Systems and Components:

  • PV – Photovoltaic (solar power systems)
  • BESS – Battery Energy Storage System
  • CSP – Concentrated Solar Power
  • WEC – Wave Energy Converter
  • GEO – Geothermal Energy
  • TID – Thermal Insolation Data (used in solar energy calculations)
  • TLP – Thermal Loss Protection
  • PPA – Power Purchase Agreement
  • WTP – Wind Turbine Power
  • WEC – Wind Energy Converter
  • FCR – Frequency Control Reserve
  • LCOE – Levelized Cost of Energy
  • DER – Distributed Energy Resources
  • EMS – Energy Management System

34. Electrical Equipment and Devices:

  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • CT – Current Transformer
  • PT – Potential Transformer
  • MCC – Motor Control Center
  • OCPD – Overcurrent Protection Device
  • MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
  • MCCB – Molded Case Circuit Breaker
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • VSD – Variable Speed Drive
  • LVD – Low Voltage Device
  • FSP – Fault-Sensing Protection
  • HMI – Human Machine Interface
  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • EDG – Emergency Diesel Generator

35. Control and Automation:

  • PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
  • SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
  • DCS – Distributed Control System
  • HMI – Human-Machine Interface
  • PID – Proportional-Integral-Derivative (controller)
  • RTD – Resistance Temperature Detector
  • VCO – Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
  • PID – Process Interface Device
  • FDD – Fault Detection and Diagnosis
  • PMS – Power Management System
  • CIM – Common Information Model
  • FTU – Fault Termination Unit

36. Electromagnetic and Signal Processing:

  • EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
  • RFI – Radio Frequency Interference
  • SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • RF – Radio Frequency
  • IF – Intermediate Frequency
  • FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
  • FDM – Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • TDM – Time Division Multiplexing
  • FMCW – Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
  • DSP – Digital Signal Processing
  • HFA – High-Frequency Amplifier
  • VSWR – Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

37. Power Distribution and Protection:

  • PCC – Point of Common Coupling
  • T&D – Transmission and Distribution
  • OCPD – Overcurrent Protection Device
  • CB – Circuit Breaker
  • MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
  • MCCB – Molded Case Circuit Breaker
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • PFD – Power Distribution Frame
  • TTR – Transformer Turns Ratio
  • VCC – Voltage Control Center
  • VD – Voltage Drop
  • VAr – Volt-Ampere Reactive (reactive power)
  • FDR – Feeder (in power distribution)

38. Energy Efficiency and Conservation:

  • LED – Light Emitting Diode (energy-efficient lighting)
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive (for energy efficiency in motors)
  • PFC – Power Factor Correction
  • FEMP – Federal Energy Management Program
  • EER – Energy Efficiency Ratio
  • COP – Coefficient of Performance (for HVAC systems)
  • HSPF – Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (for HVAC systems)
  • SEER – Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (for air conditioning)
  • EPAct – Energy Policy Act
  • DOE – Department of Energy
  • BMS – Building Management System
  • ESD – Energy Saving Device

39. Test Equipment and Standards:

  • DMM – Digital Multimeter
  • VOM – Volt-Ohm Meter
  • LCR – Inductance (L), Capacitance (C), Resistance (R) Meter
  • SWR – Standing Wave Ratio
  • FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
  • VNA – Vector Network Analyzer
  • TDR – Time Domain Reflectometer
  • OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
  • ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance
  • RMA – Return Material Authorization
  • CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
  • AWG – American Wire Gauge (for wire sizes)

40. Hazardous Locations and Safety:

  • ATEX – Atmospheres Explosibles (European standards for explosive atmospheres)
  • CSA – Canadian Standards Association
  • UL – Underwriters Laboratories (testing and certification organization)
  • NEC – National Electrical Code
  • IECEx – International Electrotechnical Commission Explosive (standards for hazardous locations)
  • IP – Ingress Protection (rating system for electrical enclosures)
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
  • EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
  • PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
  • ARC Flash – Arcing Fault (dangerous discharge of electricity)
  • LOTO – Lockout/Tagout (safety procedure to ensure equipment is properly shut down)

41. Power Electronics and Rectifiers:

  • SCR – Silicon-Controlled Rectifier
  • MOSFET – Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • IGBT – Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
  • AC-DC – Alternating Current to Direct Current (conversion)
  • DC-AC – Direct Current to Alternating Current (conversion)
  • PFC – Power Factor Correction
  • SMPS – Switch-Mode Power Supply
  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • PSU – Power Supply Unit
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive

42. Substations and Power Grid:

  • GIS – Gas Insulated Switchgear
  • VSC – Voltage Source Converter (used in HVDC transmission)
  • DTR – Distribution Transformer
  • HVAC – High Voltage AC
  • HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current
  • BESS – Battery Energy Storage System
  • ATS – Automatic Transfer Switch
  • PCC – Power Control Center
  • RMU – Ring Main Unit (distribution system)
  • SVC – Static Var Compensator
  • PSS – Power System Stabilizer

43. Other Electrical System Components:

  • MOC – Motor Operated Control
  • PT – Potential Transformer
  • CT – Current Transformer
  • SVS – Switchgear and Voltage Stabilizer
  • MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
  • MCCB – Molded Case Circuit Breaker
  • RCD – Residual Current Device
  • VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
  • SMPS – Switch-Mode Power Supply
  • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply

44. Miscellaneous Electrical Terms:

  • PCB – Printed Circuit Board
  • RMS – Root Mean Square
  • THD – Total Harmonic Distortion
  • DC – Direct Current
  • AC – Alternating Current
  • Vdc – Voltage Direct Current
  • Vac – Voltage Alternating Current
  • kVA – Kilovolt-Ampere
  • kW – Kilowatt
  • MW – Megawatt
  • GW – Gigawatt
  • W – Watt
  • VA – Volt-Ampere

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